1.0 Measurement and Control Devices Design
1.1 Instrument List

The Instrument List tabulates instrument numbers, description, service and P&ID numbers in addition to other information on individual devices that might be required for a given project.

1.2 Instrument Specifications

Specifications for commonly used instrumentation are prepared in standard ISA data sheet format and contain information from P&ID's, vendor catalogs, calculations, and piping drawings. Special instrumentation such as analyzer systems may require a complete specification document.

1.3 Local Enclosures

Panels or racks mounted near the process equipment which contain field devices such as transducers, solenoids, and I/P or P/I converters. They are normally NEMA 4 design with many devices pre-wired to industrial terminal strips.

1.4 Local Control Panels

Operator interface panels with controllers, pushbutton and indication needed for process local startup or local control of a specific operation.

1.5 Instrument Air Piping

These drawings indicate the general location of all instrumentation that require field piping, air connections, or pneumatic signals. They are made to scale so that a reasonable estimate of material quantities can be made for construction and they are a scope document for subcontract work.

1.6 Construction Specifications

Specifications that describe the work required to install instrumentation by field contractor. Typical specifications include calibration and commissioning, installation work scope, instrument wiring, and control panel fabrication.

1.7 Instrument Systems Wiring Diagrams

Drawings produced to provide connection information for complicated systems such as analyzers, halon, L.E.L., and chromatograms.

1.8 Instrument Installation Details

The Instrument Installation Detail shows the piping arrangement for the mounting and connection of field instrumentation items. These drawings contain a complete Bill of Material for piping requirements and a reference to the instrument tag numbers.

1.9 Purchase Requisitions

All work necessary to complete purchasing on instrumentation including requisition preparation, bid tabs, and purchasing assistance.

2.0 Control Systems Hardware Design
2.1 Systems Specification

Formal Document generated to obtain competitive bids on process control systems, both DCS and PLC based. The specification should include scope of control systems, I/O requirements, system architecture sketch, functionality requirements, performance criteria, and vendor responsibilities.

2.2 System Equipment List

Supplement to the specification to detail deliverables from the selected vendor. In some projects with a pre-selected vendory, only the equipment list is prepared.

2.3 Cabinet Arrangements

Arrangement of I/O and controllers in the DCS system cabinets, or PLC cabinets/panels. Can be formal drawings or sketches given to the selected vendor who prepares the formal drawings and documentation.

2.4 Console/Panel Arrangement

Design of control room console based on standard offering from vendor, or custom consoles required for integrating operator interface equipment from various vendors. Usually a desk type arrangement without a vertical section, however, large control room panels are also included in this group.

2.5 Power Distribution

Design of the power feed to the control system and to each cabinet or controller requiring power. Includes distribution panel and details for connection to the individual devices.

2.6 Grounding

Design of a system grounding system to comply with the vendors requirements and the NEC. Includes ground connection to cabinets, consoles, and cabling to the ground bus.

2.7 Control Room Arrangement

Details the location of all control equipment in a control room. Can be a formal drawing or included as part of an architectural drawing.

2.8 Loop Drawings

Drawings detailing all components of a single control loop including all information necessary to understand, test, and operate the loop. Loops can include both analog and digital components.

2.9 I/O Schematics

Drawings that functionally detail electrical connections to control components used in digital control such as process switches, limit switches and solenoids. These are normally directly connected to I/O modules.

2.10 Motor Control Schematics

Drawings that functionally detail electrical connections to motors that are controlled from the process control system through I/O modules.

2.11 Transducer/Interface Panels

Control room mounted panels that contain components required to interface field devices with the control system. They can contain signal conditioning or isolating equipment such as relays.

3.0 Control System Wiring Installation Design
3.1 Wiring Block Diagram

Identifies all the main components in a control system such as panels, computers PLC's, operator consoles, etc.. These drawings show the general interconnection between components and the wiring strategy to be used.

3.2 Field Device Connection Details

Details specifying conduit and fitting requirements and standard hook-up of instrumentation and control devices.

3.3 Field Terminal Panels

Panels used as a central termination for multiple device cables from the main control room location. Individual device wiring is run from these panels normally in conduit to the field mounted device.

3.4 Conduit and Cable Schedules

Schedule or listing of cables defining the connection location at each end, conduit number, type of cable, and wiring in the cable.

3.5 Control Device Location and Conduit Plans

Plan drawings of the process area that indicate the location of all control devices and diagrams the conduit connection and routing to the devices from the control panels and terminal panels.

3.6 Cable Tray Layout

Overall arrangement of control and instrument tray systems detailing the routing of tray between field panels and the main control area. Required on projects with extensive cable systems.

3.7 Wireway Layout

Overall arrangement of control and instrument wireway systems detailing routing of wireway. Drawings can also include device locations.

3.8 Electrical Construction Specification

Specifications that describe the work required to wire the instrumentation by a field contractor. Typical specifications include a work scope, wiring material description, and testing requirements.

3.9 Electrical Material Specifications

Specifications of all material required for the electrical installation of the instrumentation. A material takeoff of all material so that quantities can be established and ordered for construction.

3.10 Control Room Wiring Layout

Conduit, tray, or computer floor layout for wiring to control equipment. Can be a separate drawing or part of an area control plan drawing.

4.0 Process Control Design
4.1 P&ID Input

The instrumentation representation on P&ID's must include proper loop representation, tagging, and measurement and control device symbols.

4.2 Continuous Control Loops

Design of the control scheme for all continuous control loops is often completed on the P&ID diagram. It can also be accomplished using SAMA control symbols for control algorithms. Control loops must be completely defined prior to developing DCS configuration software.

4.3 Discrete Logic Design

Discrete logic can be described in a structured narrative of process operation or on a diagram using symbols for logic gates. A detailed design of logic must be completed before programming can be completed on PLC projects.

4.4 Operator Interface

Design of CRT based operator interface using process graphics, alarm screens, control faceplates, trends, and text screens. The interface design is prepared in conjunction with control logic to define how the operator interacts with the process to accomplish desired control functions.

4.5 Process Control Operational Description

The operational description defines how the control system functions and the operator interface for various modes of process operation. It is derived from the logic and operator interface design.

4.6 I/O Definition

Definition of the I/O tagging, service description, location, range values and alarm limits. The I/O definition forms the primary database for configuration of the control system.

4.7 PLC Software and Documentation

PLC code using a software development package with complete documentation capabilities. The software is based on the logic and control loop design. Also includes operator interface code for CRT displays.

4.8 DCS Software and Documentation

Generation of DCS configuration by utilizing vendor forms or development system. Normally consists of an I/O point database and software connection of various control function blocks. Also includes operator interface code for CRT displays. These are usually graphics and faceplates supplied as part of the DCS system.

4.9 System Software/Hardware Testing

Simulation of the process operation to test the software functions. Testing is done at the vendors fabrication location and can consist of test software or simple hardware I/O switches and analog inputs. Also includes testing of system hardware components.

5.0 On Site Services
5.1 Installation Supervision

Monitoring of the instrumentation contractor for installation, wiring, and testing of all I/O devices and system components.

5.2 System Commissioning

Initial operation of the system from power up, to testing of I/O into the system for proper operation. On completion of this task the system is ready for process start-up.

5.3 Start-Up Assistance

Field verification of system software and standby operation during process start-up to make on-line control system modification during the initial period of process operation.